《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(4): 459-464

不同倍性小麦气孔特征随叶位变化及其对水分利用效率的调控

王卫锋^{1, 2}, 张岁岐^2,*

¹山西农业大学林学院, 山西太谷030801; ²西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌712100

通信作者：张岁岐；E-mail: sqzhang@ms.iswc.ac.cn；Tel: 029-87010897

摘　要：

本研究选择具有不同染色体倍性的小麦野生一粒(2n=14, Triticum boeoticum)、栽培二粒(4n=28, T. dicoccon)和普通小麦(6n=42, T. aestivum cv. ‘Shaan253’)为实验材料, 以田间试验小区种植, 在开花期研究了3种小麦叶片气孔特征随染色体倍数和叶位的变化趋势。结果发现, 随染色体倍数增加, 小麦叶片气孔密度显著降低, 而单个气孔器面积却不断增大, 单位叶面积上的气孔器总面积也有升高趋势; 旗叶净光合速率(Pn)无显著差异, 蒸腾速率(E)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)逐渐增大, 而瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)显著降低。随着叶位上升, 3种小麦的叶片气孔密度逐渐增加, 而单个气孔器面积却有减小趋势; 种间分析表明, 小麦叶片气孔密度与气孔器面积呈显著的幂函数关系。综合分析表明, 染色体倍性和叶位可能通过影响叶片气孔密度和气孔器大小的相互关系进而调控了叶片瞬时WUE的变化。

关键词：小麦; 气孔特征; 染色体倍性; 叶位; 瞬时水分利用效率

收稿：2014-11-17   修定：2015-03-10

资助：国家自然科学基金(31400527)和黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金(K318009902-1408)。

Changes of Stomatal Features with Leaf Position and Its Effects on Water Use Efficiency in Wheat of Different Ploidy

WANG Wei-Feng^1,2, ZHANG Sui-Qi^2,*

¹College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taigu 030801, China; ²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Sui-Qi; E-mail: sqzhang@ms.iswc.ac.cn; Tel: 029-87010897

Abstract:

This study used three field grown wheat genotypes with different chromosome ploidy (Triticum boeoticum, T. dicoccon and T. aestivum cv. ‘Shaan253’) as experimental materials. The effects of leaf position and chromosome ploidy on leaf stomatal features were investigated. The results showed that leaf stomata density on every position was significantly decreased with chromosome ploidy increasing, but single stomata area and total stomata area per unit leaf area were increased significantly. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) did not significantly change with chromosome ploidy, while transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) increased significantly, but leaf instant water use efficiency (WUE) decreased. With leaf position getting up, leaf stomata density gradually increased, but single stomata area decreased. The interspecific analysis showed that leaf stomata density had a relationship with single stomata area by a power function (y=52.61x^－0.98). These results indicated that chromosome ploidy and leaf position could affect the relationship between stomatal density and the stomata area to regulate the change of WUE in wheat leaves.

Key words: wheat; stomatal features; chromosome ploidy; leaf position; instant water use efficiency